Chapter 2

Aircraft General

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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

AUXILIARY POWER UNIT

GENERAL

The APU is located in the unpressurized lower aft fuselage. The APU supplies supplies ground air for air conditioning and engine starting and electrical power both on the ground and in flight. During flight, the APU generator can be used as a backup source of electrical power; however, the APU air is not used in flight. The maximum operating altitude for the APU is 35,000 feet.

OPERATION

Electrical power to start the APU is supplied by the battery. The APU fuel supply is from the right wing. When normal AC power is available, use any right or center tank pump to supply APU fuel. The start pump is used for starting when normal AC power is not available. The start pump switch should remain ON until normal AC power is available and a right or center tank pump is turned ON. Then the start pump can be turned OFF. The battery switch must be ON for all APU operations.

The APU master switch controls APU starting and shutdown. When the APU reaches 95% RPM during start, the APU PWR AVAIL light comes on indicating the APU is ready to provide power. 

Placing the APU air switch to either ON or AIR COND COLDER opens the load control valve and supplies air for air conditioning and engine starting. There is a 60 second delay after APU start before air is available.

Placing the APU master switch to OFF shuts down the APU. This initiates a 60 second delay for APU cooling before the APU shuts down. This cool-down period is not provided if the APU fire control switch is selected to the OFF & AGENT ARM position.

APU

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

                         

LOCATION: Overhead Panel

APU RPM INDICATOR

Normal range is indicated by a green arc between 95% and 105%.

APU FIRE AGENT SWITCHES

    OFF - Normal position

    DISCH - Momentary. Discharges fire agent into the APU from the respective bottle if armed.

APU FIRE CONTROL SWITCH

    NORM - Normal position. Provides control of the APU from the master switch.

    OFF & AGENT ARM - Shuts down APU and arms the APU fire agent switches.

APU MASTER SWITCH

    AIR OFF - Shuts down APU bleed air and starts a 60 second cooling down period before the APU is shut down.

    RUN - Normal APU operating mode. A 60 second warm up period  is provided before APU air is available.

    START - Momentary. Initiates the APU starting sequence.

APU AIR SWITCH

    OFF - Closes APU load control valve shutting off APU air.

    ON - Arms the APU load valve to open when APU air is available.

    AIR COND COLDER - Closes turbine nozzle valve to provide colder APU air.

- Indicates low APU oil pressure and is only active when the APU master switch is out of the OFF position.

- Indicates high APU oil temperature.

 

INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LIGHTING

Cockpit lighting provides general and local lighting in the cockpit area, panels, instruments and controls.

Seatbelt and No smoking signs are illuminated in the cabin and controlled by switches on the overhead panel. On the STEAM panel, the switches only have ON and OFF positions. The other panels have 3 positions: OFF, ON and AUTO. With the switches in the AUTO position. The NO SMOKING signs automatically extinguish when the landing gear handle is moved to the up position, and illuminates when the handle is moved to the down position. The FASTEN SEAT BELT signs extinguish when slats are retracted and illuminates when the slats are extended.

INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR LIGHTING

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

LOCATION: Radio Panel

Controls the instrument panel lighting

LOCATION: Overhead Panel

PANEL - Controls the text lighting on the overhead

FLOOD -  Controls the Flight Simulator main panel flood lighting.

LOCATION: Overhead Panel

NO SMOKING SWITCH

    AUTO - (if installed) Signs automatically controlled by the landing gear handle.

    OFF - Signs are off.

    ON - signs are turned on.

SEAT BELTS SWITCH

    AUTO - (if installed) Signs automatically controlled by the leading edge slap position.

    OFF - Signs are off.

    ON - signs are turned on.

LOCATION: Left Glare Shield

WING LDG LTS

    EXT ON - Wing landing lights extended and on.

    EXT OFF - Wing landing lights extended and off.

    RET - Wing landing lights retracted and off.

NOSE LTS

    BRT - Nose landing and taxi lights bright.

    DIM - Nose landing and taxi lights dim.

    OFF - Nose landing and taxi lights off.

LOCATION: Right Lights Panel

FLOOD LIGHTS SWITCH

Not modeled.

WING/NACELLE SWITCH

Controls the wing inspection lights.

POSITION/STROBE SWITCH

    BOTH - Turns on the position (nav) lights and the strobe lights.

    POS - Turns on the position lights.

    OFF - Position and strobe lights are off.

ANTI-COLLISION SWITCH

Controls the anti-collision lights (beacon)

 

CAUTION AND WARNING SYSTEMS

The caution and warning systems provide visual, aural, and vocal indications of unsafe operating conditions. These include visual caution and warnings, the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and the Central Aural Warning System (CAWS).

VISUAL CAUTION AND WARNING SYSTEMS

Amber MASTER CAUTION lights on the glare shield illuminate with certain amber annunciators to indicate that pilot correction is needed. Red MASTER WARNING lights on the glare shield come on with all red annunciator lights to indicate a condition requiring immediate attention. Pressing an illuminated MASTER CAUTION or MASTER WARNING light acknowledges awareness of the problem and resets the lights for future indications. The annunciators will stay illuminated until the condition is corrected. Blue annunciator lights are advisory and remind the pilots that a system is being used.

ELECTRONIC OVERHEAD ANNUNCIATOR PANEL - GLASS

Digital displays with amber text messages replace the standard caution lights on the forward overhead. These displays combined with the blue and red annunciator lights make up a unit called the ELECTRONIC OVERHEAD ANNUNCIATOR PANEL (EOAP). With few exceptions the amber caution messages are identical to the messages on the annunciator lights that they replace. EOAP messages begin to appear on the left screen in the order in which they occur with the latest message being at the top of the list. When there are six messages being displayed on the left screen, an additional six messages can be displayed on the right screen. 

SCROLL SWITCHES

If both screens are full, additional messages will "push" the last messages on the right screen out of view. This will be indicated by an illuminated "down" arrow to the right of the screen. This indicates that there is another page of messages to view. Pressing this arrow displays the messages that were out of view. If you are viewing messages that are not on the first page, and illuminated "up" arrow will display. Pressing this arrow will advance the pages back and when the "up" arrow is no longer illuminated you are back on the first page of messages.

CUE SWITCHLIGHTS

Below the two EOAP screens are eight "cue" switchlights labeled ELEC, ICE, ENG, CONT, MISC, HYD, MON, and DOOR. When a caution message appears, the cue light for the affected system will flash four times to alert the crew and then goes out. Cue switchlights can momentarily focus attention on a specific system. Pressing a cue switchlight will display only those messages associated with that system for 5 seconds. All other messages will be removed from the screens. If there are no faults with the selected system a "NOo (selected system) FAULTS message appears.

DOOR LIGTHS

The DOOR cue light and annunciator cautions are hooked to the parking brake. When the parking brake is set, individual door messages will not be displayed to eliminate clutter. The Door light will remain illuminated as long a a door is open. Pressing the DOOR switchlight will display a list of the individual door messages. If the DOOR cue is pressed with all doors closed, a ALL DOORS CLOSED message appears. With the parking brake released the individual door messages will appear just like all other messages.

MASTER WARNINGS

The red warning lights are located on the lower annunctiator panel to the right of the EOAP screens. They illuminate in conjunction with the MASTER WARNING lights on the glare shield.

EOAP TEST

Pressing the light test on the overhead panel causes all lights and all LED lights on the two screens to illuminate.

CENTRAL AURAL WARNING SYSTEM

Aural and voice warnings are generated by the central control unit and alert the pilots to unsafe conditions. The system uses tones of varying pitch, duration, and frequency of repetition, along with female vocal advisories.

 

 

CAUTION AND WARNING SYSTEMS

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

NOTE: Individual lights will be discussed in their respective systems chapters

STEAM

COMBO WITHOUT GPS

COMBO WITH GPS

LOCATION OF ALL ANNUNCIATOR PANELS: Lower Overhead

LOCATION: Glareshield

RED LIGHT - Warning - indicates a condition that requires immediate action.

AMBER LIGHT - Caution - Indicates a condition that requires corrective action.

BLUE LIGHT - Advisory. Indicates that a system is on or in operation.

Amber and red annunciators remain on until the malfunction is corrected. The Blue annunciators remain on until the respective system is off or ceases to operate.

GLASS - EOAP

LOCATION: Lower Overhead

CUE SWITCHLIGHTS

ELECtrical, ICE protection, ENGine, flight CONTrols, HYDraulic, DOORs

Appropriate light flashes four times when a new message shows up on the screen.

Pushing switch displays all messages for that system for five seconds.

Pushing switch displays "NO (system name) FAULTS" if there are no faults.

SCROLL SWITCHES

Move message stack in indicated direction if there are more that 12 messages.

ANNUNCIATORS

RED LIGHT - Warning - indicates a condition that requires immediate action.

BLUE LIGHT - Advisory. Indicates that a system is on or in operation.

Red annunciators remain on until the malfunction is corrected. The Blue annunciators remain on until the respective system is off or ceases to operate.

DISPLAY SCREENS

EOAP messages begin to appear on the left screen in the order in which they occur with the latest message being at the top of the list. When there are six messages being displayed on the left screen, an additional six messages can be displayed on the right screen. If both screens are full, additional messages will "push" the last messages on the right screen out of view. This will be indicated by an illuminated "down" arrow to the right of the screen. This indicates that there is another page of messages to view. Pressing this arrow displays the messages that were out of view.

When the parking brake is set, individual door messages will not be displayed to eliminate clutter. The Door light will remain illuminated as long a a door is open. With the parking brake released the individual door messages will appear just like all other messages.

 

AURAL & VOCAL WARNING CHART

Voice warnings are indicated by green text.

TAKEOFF WARNING

    Intermittent horn for one second followed by appropriate word for one second, followed by intermittent horn. Cycle continues until condition is corrected.

    "BRAKES" - Parking brake is not released. PARKING BRAKE ON annunciator on.

    "FULAP" - Flap handle position does not agree with the setting in the computer window. To differentiate between flap and slat aural warnings, the

                      CAWS system uses the unique pronunciation "FULAPS" for a flap warning. 

    "SLAT" - Slats not set for takeoff. TAKEOFF light not on.

    "SPOILERS" - Spoiler lever not in retracted position.

    "STABILIZER" - Stabilizer setting not in agreement with the takeoff condition computer setting.

ENGINE FIRE 

    "FIRE RIGHT (LEFT) ENGINE" - Fire or overheat in engine nacelle. Can be silenced by pressing the fire bell cancel.

ALTITUDE ALERT

    "C" chord for one second. Altimeter altitude alert light on steady. Within threshold of 750 to 250 feet of selected altitude. 

    "C" chord followed by "ALTITUDE" for one second followed by "C" chord. Cycle continues until condition is corrected. Indicates a deviation 

    of more than 250 feet from selected altitude after capturing selected altitude. Altimeter altitude alert light flashing.

SPEED BRAKE EXTENDED

    "SPEED BRAKE" - Speed brake extended with flaps extended beyond six degrees. Accompanied by the SPEED BRAKE light on STEAM panels and the SPOILER/FLAP EXTENDED on all other panels.

LANDING GEAR

    Steady horn for one second followed by "LANDING GEAR" for one second, followed by a steady horn for one second. Cycle repeats until condition is corrected or horn is silenced. Indicates that the gear is not extended and either the flaps are extended beyond 25 degrees (cannot silence using the gear horn cancel button) or any throttle is retarded to idle and airspeed is less than 210 knots.

STABILIZER IN MOTION

    Momentary horn sound for one second. Sound repeats every 0.5 degrees.

AUTOPILOT

    Activated during the auto land mode only. Horn for one second followed by "AUTOPILOT" for one second followed by horn for one second. Autopilot disengaged. Flashing red AP light on Flight Mode Annunciators.

OVERSPEED

    "OVERSPEED" - Vmo/Mmo exceeded

    "OVERSPEED SLATS"  - 280 knots/MACH 0.57 exceeded with slats extended.

CABIN ALTITUDE

    "CABIN ALTITUDE" - Cabin altitude exceeds 10,000 feet. CABIN ALTITUDE annunciator on.