CFS2
Polikarpov I-16 Tip 10 Aces
1.BACKGROUND ON INCLUDED AIRCRAFT
When the tiny I-16 flew for the first time in December 1933, it was far ahead of any other fighter design in the world, featuring retractable landing gear, a cantilever wing and variable pitch propeller. When the Spanish Civil War broke out, almost 500 were put into service with the Republicans, surprising the enemy with outstanding maneuverability, firepower and rate of climb, leading to the opposition nickname Rata(Rat) and friendly name Mosca(Fly).
Specification:
Wingspan...............9.00m
Length....................6.10m
Height....................2.57m
Empty Weight........1,327kg
Maximum Weight..1,716kg
Powerplant........Shvetsov M-25A air-cooled engine 730hp x 1
Armament..........ShKAS 7.62 mm gun x 4, Bomb(100kg) x 2
Max Speed........445 km/h (Alt. 3,000m)
Service Ceiling..9,100 m
Range................unknow km
Crew..................One
Armament List of Polikarpov I-16
Armament |
Position |
Caliber |
Round/min (RPG) |
Rounds |
Velocity (m/sec) |
PV-1 Machine Gun |
Wing |
7.62mm |
780 |
900 |
|
ShKAS Machine Gun |
Wing |
7.62mm |
1,800 |
900 |
|
ShKAS Machine Gun |
Upper Nose |
7.62mm |
1,800 |
630 |
|
Berezin UB Gun |
Lower Head |
12.7mm |
700-800 |
---- |
840 |
ShVAK Cannon |
Wing |
20mm |
750-800 |
150 |
Variants of Polikarpov I-16 (Part I)
Specification |
Tip 4 |
Tip 5 Early Build |
Tip 5 |
Tip 6 Early Build |
Tip 6 |
Wingspan (m) |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
Length (m) |
5.90 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
6.0 |
Height (m) |
2.57 |
2.57 |
2.57 |
2.57 |
2.57 |
Wing Area (Sqr.m) |
14.54 |
14.54 |
14.54 |
14.54 |
14.54 |
Weight Empty (kg) |
---- |
1040 |
1118 |
1260 |
1260 |
Weight Loaded (kg) |
1354 |
1420 |
1535 |
1660 |
1660 |
Weight Take off (kg) |
|||||
Engine |
M-22 |
RCF-3 |
M-25 |
M-25A |
M-25A |
Power (HP) @Altitude (m) |
480@1500 |
630 |
700 |
730 |
730 |
Fuel(liter) |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
Max Speed (km/hr) @Altitude (m) |
362 @3000 |
437 @3000 |
457 @2700 |
445 @3000 |
445 @3000 |
Cruise Speed (km/hr) |
346 |
362 |
390 |
390 |
390 |
Landing Speed (km/hr) |
107 |
110 |
117 |
---- |
---- |
Climb Rate(m/min) (m/min) |
505* 1000/---- 3000/4.4 5000/9.9 |
1000/---- 3000/---- 5000/6.8 |
685* 1000/1.3 3000/4.0 5000/7.3 |
1000/---- 3000/---- 5000/7.0 |
1000/---- 3000/---- 5000/7.0 |
Ceiling (m) |
7440 |
8800 |
9200 |
9100 |
9100 |
Range (m) |
680 |
790 |
780 |
---- |
---- |
Armament 1.Nose 2.Wing |
PV-1 7.62mm x 2 |
PV-1 7.62mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 |
Payloads |
100kg bombs x 2 |
||||
Remarks 1.Propeller 2.Gunsight 3.Canopy 4.Tail Detail 5.Production Line 6.Phase |
1.V-22 2.OP-1 3.Slid Forward 4.Tail Skid 5.GAZ-39/ 21 6.1934-1935 |
1.Hamilton 2.OP-1 3.Slid Forward 4.Tail Wheel 5.GAZ-39 6.Mar 1935 |
1.V-25 2.OP-1 3.Slid Forward 4.Tail Skid 5.GAZ-21/ 153 6.Early 1936 |
1.V-25 2.OP-1 3.Open 4.Tail Skid 5.GAZ-21/ 153 6.Late 1937 |
1.V-25 2.PAK-1 3.Open 4.Tail Skid 5.GAZ-21/ 153 6.Late 1937 |
Variants of Polikarpov I-16 (Part II)
Specification |
Tip 10 |
Tip 10 Later Build |
Tip 12 (I-16P) |
Tip 17 |
Tip 19 |
Wingspan (m) |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
|
Length (m) |
6.10 |
6.10 |
6.00 |
6.00 |
|
Height (m) |
2.57 |
2.57 |
2.57 |
2.57 |
|
Wing Area (Sqr.m) |
14.54 |
14.54 |
14.54 |
14.54 |
|
Weight Empty (kg) |
1327 |
1330 |
1160 |
1420 |
|
Weight Loaded (kg) |
1716 |
1720 |
1700 |
1810 |
|
Weight Take off (kg) |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
|
Engine |
M-25A |
M-25V |
RCF-3 |
M-25V |
|
Power Take off (HP) |
730 |
750 |
630 |
750 |
|
Fuel(liter) |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
|
Max Speed (km/hr) @Altitude (m) |
445 @3000 |
448 @3160 |
431 @2400 |
425 @2700 |
|
Cruise Speed (km/hr) |
390 |
398 |
383 |
385 |
|
Landing Speed (km/hr) |
---- |
126 |
129 |
131 |
|
Climb Rate(m/min) (m/min) |
1000/---- 3000/---- 5000/7.0 |
725* 1000/---- 3000/3.40 5000/6.90 |
---- 1000/---- 3000/4.36 5000/8.00 |
---- 1000/---- 3000/4.36 5000/8.90 |
|
Ceiling (m) |
9100 |
8400 |
8300 |
8200 |
|
Range (m) |
---- |
525 |
520 |
417 |
|
Armament 1.Nose 2.Wing |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShVAK 20mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShVAK 20mm x 2 |
|
Payloads |
100kg bombs x 2 or RS-82 x 6 |
||||
Remarks 1.Propeller 2.Gunsight 3.Canopy 4.Tail Detail 5.Production Line 6.Phase |
1.V-25 2.PAK-1 3.Open 4.Tail Skid 5.GAZ-21 6.Dec 1937 |
1.AV-1 2.PAK-1a/ 1m 3.Open 4.Tail Wheel 5.---- 6.1938 |
1.AV-1 2.PAK-1m 3.Open 4.Tail Skid 5.---- 6.1937 |
1.AV-1 2.PAK-1m 3.Open 4.Tail Skid 5.GAZ-21/ 153 6.Mar 1937 |
Variants of Polikarpov I-16 (Part III)
Specification |
Tip 18 |
Tip 24 |
Tip 27 |
Tip 28 |
Tip 29 |
Wingspan (m) |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
Length (m) |
6.0 |
6.10 |
6.10 |
6.10 |
6.10 |
Height (m) |
2.57 |
2.57 |
2.57 |
2.57 |
2.57 |
Wing Area (Sqr.m) |
14.54 |
14.54 |
14.54 |
14.54 |
14.54 |
Weight Empty (kg) |
1433 |
1382 |
1336 |
1403 |
1545 |
Weight Loaded (kg) |
1830 |
1882 |
1808 |
1988 |
1966 |
Weight Take off (kg) |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
Engine |
M-62 |
M-63 |
M-62 |
M-63 |
M-63 |
Power Take off (HP) |
1000 |
1100 |
1000 |
1100 |
1100 |
Fuel(liter) |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
---- |
Max Speed (km/hr) @Altitude (m) |
461 @4400 |
489 @4850 |
---- ---- |
463 @2000 |
470 @5500 |
Cruise Speed (km/hr) |
413 |
410 |
---- |
427 |
419 |
Landing Speed (km/hr) |
132 |
130.5 |
131 |
150 |
131 |
Climb Rate(m/min) (m/min) |
926 1000/---- 3000/2.90 5000/5.40 |
---- 1000/---- 3000/3.40 5000/5.20 |
---- 1000/---- 3000/---- 5000/---- |
---- 1000/---- 3000/--- 5000/5.60 |
---- 1000/---- 3000/3.30 5000/5.80 |
Ceiling (m) |
9300 |
10800 |
---- |
9900 |
9800 |
Range (m) |
485 |
440 700 with Addtional Tanks |
458 |
---- |
440 |
Armament 1.Nose 2.Wing |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShVAK 20mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 ShVAK 20mm x 2 |
ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 Berezin 12.7mm x1 ShKAS 7.62mm x 2 |
Payloads |
100kg bombs x 2 or RS-82 x 6 |
100kg bombs x 2 or RS-82 x 6 |
100kg bombs x 2 or RS-82 x 6 |
||
Remarks 1.Propeller 2.Gunsight 3.Canopy 4.Tail Detail 5.Production Line 6.Phase |
1.AV-1 2.PAK-1m 3.Open 4.Skid/ Wheel 5.GAZ-19 6.1939 |
1.AV-1 2.PAK-1m 3.Open 4.Tail Wheel 5.GAZ-21/ 153 6.Mid 1940 |
1.AV-1 2.PAK-1m 3.Open 4.Tail Wheel 5.---- 6.1939 |
1.AV-1 2.PAK-1m 3.Open 4. Tail Wheel 5.---- 6.1937 |
1.AV-1 2.PAK-1m 3.Open 4. Tail Wheel 5.GAZ-21/ 153 6.1940 |
Note:
1.M-22 powerplant is a Soviet copy of the Vritish Bristol Jupiter VI
2.the Soviet Union referred to Wright-Cyclone SGR-1820-F-3 as RCF-3
3.OP-1; Opticheskij Pritsel(Optical Gunsight)
4.PAK-1; Prizel Aviazionnyj Kollimatornyj(Aviation Gunsight), a copy of the French Clair gunsight
5.M-62 powerplant is a Soviet copy of the Wright-Cyclone SGR-1820-G-5
6.9450 of I-16 produced total
Colors and Markings of Polikarpov I-16 Tip 5
Type |
Aces |
Photo/ Graphic |
|
Tip 5 USSR Yellow 9 |
Pilot unknown, 12nd IAP VMF-KBF(Baltic Fleet), USSR, August 1937 |
|
|
Tip 5 USSR Black 5 |
Maior A. Blagoveschenskiy, 22nd IAP, USSR, May-June 1938 |
|
|
Tip 5 Spanish Republican CM-125 |
Manuel Fernandez, Morales y Zarauza, 4a Escuadrilla, Spain, 14th Augest 1938 |
|
|
Tip 5 Nationalists Captured IW-1 |
Pilot unknown, Captured by Spanish Nationalist, Grupo IW, Madrid-Cuatro Vientos, Spain, 1939 |
|
|
Tip 5 CAF-2105 (P-5806) |
Lieutenant Liu Chi-Sheng, 21st PS, 4th PG, CAF, Wuhan area, China, 31st May 1938 |
|
|
Tip 5 CAF-67 (P-5379) |
Kapitan Gubenko Anton Alexeyevich, Russian Volunteer Group, CAF, China, 18th July 1938 |
|
Colors and Markings of Polikarpov I-16 Tip 6
TySpe |
Aces |
Photo/ Graphic |
|
Tip 6 USSR White 50 |
Pilot unknown, Baltic Fleet, USSR, August 1941 |
|
|
Tip 6 CAF-???? (P-????) |
Lieutenant Wang Shou-Chang, 26th PS, CAF, Hankou area, China, 3rd August 1938 |
|
|
Tip 6 FAF-IR101 |
Pilot unknown, FAF Captured, Rompotti, Finland, March 1943 |
|
Colors and Markings of Polikarpov I-16 Tip 10
Type |
Aces |
Photo/ Graphic |
|
Tip 10 Spanish Republican CM-193 |
Jose Maria Bravo, 3a Escuadrilla, Spain, 1939 |
|
|
Tip 10 CAF-94 (P-????) |
Pilot unknown, Training unit, CAF, Sinkiang, China, 1940 |
|
|
Tip 10 CAF-71 (P-????) |
Major Sergey Ivanovich Gritsevets, Russian Volunteer Group, CAF, Hankou area, China, 29th April 1938 |
|
|
Tip 10 CAF-2423 (P-????) |
Lieutenant Wei Ding-Shih, 24th PS, 5th PG, CAF, China, Jun 1941 |
|
Colors and Markings of Polikarpov I-16 Tip 17
Type |
Aces |
Photo/ Graphic |
|
Tip 17 USSR White 28 |
Pilot unknown, 4th Gaurds Regiment, Baltic Fleet, Vystv, Spring 1942 |
|
Colors and Markings of Polikarpov I-16 Tip 18/ 24/ 29
Type |
Aces |
Photo/ Graphic |
|
Tip 18 USSR Yellow 13 |
S.G. Surzhenko, 72nd Aviation Regiment, Soviet Air Force, Murmansk, 1941 |
|
|
Tip 18 USSR White 11 |
Boris Safonov, 72nd Aviation Regiment, Soviet Air Force, Murmansk, 1941 |
|
|
Tip 24 USSR White 27 |
Lieutenant Krichevskiy, 254th IAP, Leningrad Front, Soviet Air Force, 1941 |
|
|
Tip 29 Romania White 1 |
Anti-I-16 Trainer, Royal Romanian Air Force, 11st Sep 1941 |
|
1.I-16 Ishak Tip 10 "Major Sergey Ivanovich Gritsevets, Russian Volunteer Group, CAF, Hankou area, China, 29th April 1938"
2.I-16 Ishak Tip 10 "Pilot unknown, Training unit, CAF, Sinkiang, China, 1940"
3.I-16 Ishak Tip 10 Super Mosca "Jose Maria Bravo, CO of 3a Escuadrilla, Spain, 1939"
4.I-16 Ishak Tip 10 Super Mosca "Lieutenant Salvaredo, 7a Escuadrilla, Militar, Spain, Autumn 1938"
5.I-16 Ishak Tip 10 "Pilot unknown, Training unit, USSR, 1944"
2.INSTALLATION
a.Unzip the I16T10v1.Zip to your CFS2
\Aircraft folder.b.Copy the folders in " I16_Ishak_Tip10
\CFS2" directory to your"Combat Flight Simulator 2" directory.
c.Copy BR2_YAK9U.gau to your "Combat Flight Simulator 2" directory.
3.THE AIRCRAFT
FSDS 1.6b Multi-Resolution MDLs
Object Code Size High Medium Low
Meters 0 50 75
Pixels 0 100 100
Moving Parts: Key Definition
Propeller “E”
Throttle Bar “0”…”9” enable in FS2002 only
Cowl Flap “Shift+E”/ “Ctrl+E”
Flap “F”/ ”V”
Fuselage Door “D”
Landing Gear/ Main Wheel/ Tail Wheel “G”
Aileron/ Rudder/ Elevator “Joy stick”
Pilot/ Head/ Control Column/ Pedals “Joy stick”
2D panel image captured and modified from 3D Virtual Cockpit
uses CFS2 stock gauges and
BR2 YaK-9U gauges required, please download it from BR2 site:
(
http://knifemaker.free.fr/_soviet.htm)alias A6M2_Zero\sound
I16_01/ I16_02../ I16_06/ pilot_I16 uses 1024x1024 24-bit DXT1 Opaque format
weapons_I16 256x256 24-bit DXT1 Opaque format
prop_I16 uses 256x256 Extended 16-bit 444-4 format
4.COPYRIGHTS
END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE PRODUCT LICENSE
CFS2 Polikarpov I-16 Tip 10 Aces Version 1.0
The Polikarpov I-16 Tip 10 painted as:
1.Major Sergey Ivanovich Gritsevets, Russian Volunteer Group, CAF, Hankou area, China, 29th April 1938
2.Pilot unknown, Training unit, CAF, Sinkiang, China, 1940
3.Jose Maria Bravo, CO of 3a Escuadrilla, Spain, 1939
4.Lieutenant Salvaredo, 7a Escuadrilla, Militar, Spain, Autumn 1938
5.Pilot unknown, Training unit, USSR, 1944
The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties. The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is licensed, not sold.
COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
Users or distributors cannot ask for payment in any form, for the package or freeware elements or products derived from the original work. although it is distributed as freeware, the authors reserve the right to utilize any portion of the work for commercial purposes in the future.
All rights reserved.
This product, whether in beta form or final form, may not be transferred to CD-ROM, magneto-optical media or any temporary or permanent media (diskette, ZIP diskette, tape, video, etc.) without written permission of the original authors.
The package or any part of it, may not form part at any time, of any free media, distributed as part of a commercial, shareware or any other non-free type of product as a book, a magazine, a video or other type of media, without the written permission of their authors.
The package, or any portion thereof, may not be uploaded to any site or redistributed without the written permission of the authors.
Finally, this package must remain intact as it is currently distributed - with no substitution of any components.
Disclaimer:
The included files have been extensively tested has been determined not to be harmful. However, the authors are not responsible for any direct, consequential or indirect damage these files or the installation process may cause to you, third parties or to any property, equipment or software.
The authors of this package assume no liability of any kind for the usage of this package. Use entirely at your own risk.
The original " CFS2 Polikarpov I-16 Tip 10 Aces” package may be located at
http://cfsfrance.altajeux.com/ at www.flightsim.com, at www.netwings.org, at www.sim-outhouse.com and at www.simviation.com
Ivan Hsu
Taipei, TAIWAN
Archi.mail@msa.hinet.netCopyright 2003
5.REFERENCES
SITE
Early Polikarpov I-16 Variants
FAF AIRCRAFT IN WWII
http://www.sci.fi/%7Eambush/faf/fighters.htmlInsignia of China (Part I)
http://www.geocities.com/cwlam2000hk/part1.htmI-16
http://www.samolet.co.uk/i-16.htmlOddities of Camouflage 1934-41/ The Polikarpov I-16 Fighter, Part I
http://www.kithobbyist.com/VVS/Markings/I16/artdeco-i16_pt1.htmlSchemes for the I-16 Type 5 Conversion set
http://www.kithobbyist.com/VVS/Markings/I16/type5/type5.htmlSpanish Nationalist Air Force 1939-1952
http://www.insigniamag.com/span17.htmlVVS Color Profiles and Markings
http://www.kithobbyist.com/VVS/Markings/index.phpVVS Colors, 1941-45: Popular Paint Brand Equivalents
http://www.kithobbyist.com/VVS/ColorResearch/paints.php
Air Aces Homepage
http://users.accesscomm.ca/magnusfamily/airaces1.htm
Boris Feoktistovich Safonov
http://aerostories.free.fr/pilotes/URSS/safonov/Boris F. Safonov - Naval Aviation Ace
http://www.elknet.pl/acestory/safonov/safonov.htmBurbank's World War Two Aircraft
http://www.senet.com.au/~mhyde/ww2_aircraft_china.htm
Chinese Aces of WW2
http://www.frenkenstein.com/ww2/china/China.htm
Chinese biplane fighter aces – Liu Chi-Sheng
http://www.dalnet.se/~surfcity/china_chi-sheng.htm
Polikarpov I-16 ?Mosca? In the Spanish Civil War
http://usuarios.lycos.es/SANMARCA/iindex.htm
Soviet biplane fighter aces - Anton Gubenko
http://www.dalnet.se/~surfcity/soviet_gubenko.htm
Soviet biplane fighter aces - Sergey Gritsevets
http://www.dalnet.se/~surfcity/soviet_gritsevets.htm
SOVIET UNION (VVS) ACES
http://www.elknet.pl/acestory/soviet.htm
The Soviet Air Forces in the Winter War
http://www.winterwar.com/forces/SAF.htm
U.S.S.R. - Sino-Japanese Conflict
http://users.accesscomm.ca/magnusfamily/sinours.htm
War In China (1937-1941)
http://math.fce.vutbr.cz/safarik/ACES/aces1/china1.html
二戰電影中國系列之一/ 筧橋英烈傳(Traditional Chinese)
http://home.kimo.com.tw/wtaing/movie031.htm
英烈千秋(Traditional Chinese)
http://www.mnd.gov.tw/division/~defense/mil/air/dairwar/people/airwar2.htm
A Multitude of Rata's - Building the I-16 in 1/48th By Randy Lutz
http://www.kithobbyist.com/VVS/ModelArticles/Lutz/lutz_i16.htmlAircraft Resource Center/ Model Article Archives/ Polikarpov I-16
http://www.aircraftresourcecenter.com/Gal-Fea%20Archives/Prop/Polikarpov_I-16/I-16.htm
Hasegawa 1-72 Polikarpov I-16(Japanese)
http://www5.big.or.jp/~jinmink/MUZEO/mokei/tenji/sekigunaikoukai/jinmink/Il-16/
Hasegawa 1-72 Polikarpov I-16
製作記(Japanese)http://homepage1.nifty.com/cobachan/article/cob-i16.htm
Hobbycraft 1-48 Polikarpov I-16 Type 5
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/manuel/I16.html
Hobbycraft 1-48 Polikarpov I-16 by Rick Brownlee
http://m2reviews.cnsi.net/reviews/allies/ussr/brownleei16.htm
Hobbycraft 1-48 Polikarpov I-16 Type 5 by Denis Moisan
http://www.smhq.org/articles/polikarpov.html
Polikarpov I-16 Gear Down(Japanese)
http://www5a.biglobe.ne.jp/~t_miyama/po16leg.html
Polikarpov I-16 in 1/72nd Scale
http://www.kithobbyist.com/VVS/ModelGallery/poli_i16_72.php
Polikarpov I-16 Type 24/ Scale 1/48/ by Hector Mirasol-Brull
http://www.kithobbyist.com/VVS/ModelArticles/Mirasol/i-16/hector-type24.html
The Airwaves I-16 Type 5 Set And What To Do With It by Aleksandar ?ekularac
http://www.kithobbyist.com/VVS/ModelReviews/Sekularac/airwaves-type5-rev.html
The I-16 in Plastic
http://www.kithobbyist.com/VVS/ModelArticles/I-16/index.html
?????????? ?-16(Russian)
http://www.airforce.ru/modelism/firstlook/i-16/
Els detalls del Polikarpov I-16 "Mosca"
Fighter Factory - Polikarpov I-16 Rata
http://www.tidetech.com/fighterfactory/polii16.html
I-16 (global)
http://lemairesoft.digitalrice.com/engins2/1448.html
Polikarpov fighters *(Russian)
http://wio.boom.ru/tacftr/polikarp.htm
Polikarpov I-16
http://www.go2war2.nl/luchtmacht/_jagers/rus_i-16/artikel.htm
Polikarpov I-16
http://penio.narod.ru/Planes/USSR/I16/
Polikarpov I-16 Ishak
http://www.skyshow.co.nz/pages/i_16.html
Polikarpov I-16 'Ishak' ('Rata')
http://www.kiwiaircraftimages.com/i16.html
POLIKARPOV I-16 "Mosca"
http://www.terra.es/personal7/alfa-re02do/pagfot11.htm
POLIKARPOV I-16 "MOSCA" ("RATA")
http://archivosea0.homestead.com/I16_Mosca.html
Soviet Aircraft Performance Data/ And Europa Ratings/ Fighters
http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/2072/SovRatings.html
The Aircraft – Russia/ Polikarpov I-16 Ishak (Rata)
http://www.nzfpm.co.nz/aircraft/i16.htm
The Polikarpov I16 Landing Gear Explained, Part I By Ham, 02JUN02.
http://www.il2center.com/technika/features/011019.htm
Wirbirds Over New Zealand/ Polikarpov I-16
http://www.warbirdsovernewzealand.com/Closeup/I-16/I-16wa.htm
BOOK
VOLUME 3/ Midland Publishing/ England
I welcome your comments.
Ivan Hsu
Taipei, TAIWAN
archi.mail@msa.hinet.net2nd May 2003