SR71 BLACKBIRD CHECK NOTES
by Ross McLennan August 2009:

This aircraft has been modified to auto cruise at over 80000ft and to manually fly at ground speeds between mach 3.2 (1834kts 2112 mph) and 3.45 (1980kts 2280mph). This is to simulate the speeds mentioned in an email from a retired pilot with about 500 hours in the cockpit of the SR-71. This document is not the normal checklist you may expect, instead it tells you how to set up and fly this sim version of the SR71A. This aircraft has no virtual cockpit.

#1 PANEL SET UP:
(a) Left click the area above the mach number gauge at the top of the panel to increase the brilliance of the ground speed gauge. Gauges from top down are KIAS, GS (kts), mach number and overspeed indicator.
(b) Click the icon to the right of the clock. This activates the coordinate GPS into which you can add the coordinates for any point on the planet and fly to it.
(c) Click the normal sim GPS icon. Set it up in the way you want to fly.
(d) The GPS has a hot spot top left corner, click it and an enlarged left side of the GPS will activate giving very readable details to the next waypoint. It also activates a small distance window in Nm to the next waypoint.
(e) Above the DME2 gauge below the VSI gauge is a flight timer, click the button to reset it to zero and when you come off pause the clock will record flight time in continuous 1 hour blocks.
(f) Appropriate details should be entered into the autopilot, eg altitude 40000, climb 5000, mach speed hold 0.85. heading and nav to suit your coarse as appropriate.
(g) Set radio frequencies to suit the mission.
(h) Set the trim gauge above the AP to neutral "0".
(j) Set lighting switches to up, throttle to fully closed.
(k) Check position of canopy, should be open for taxi (61-7955 only).

#2 COLD START:
(a) With brakes applied [shift + colon].
(b) Engine start switches are just above the analogue fuel gauge. Push each start switch in turn to the up position. You should remember this aircraft has a long start sequence using the cart with two Buick V8 engines. When one engine was started the cart was moved to the other engine. Wait till #1 engine is running before starting engine #2.
(c) Check syncronisation on turbine rpm gauge by pushing throttle to 40 % position and back to fully closed.

#3 ROLLING FOR TAXI:
(a) Make sure the canopies are open.
(b) Brakes applied, set throttle to 20% position. Release brakes.
(c) Aircraft can be steered with the rudder. Keep ground speed at 10kts or below.
(d) At runway close canopy

#4 TAKE OFF, CLIMB, CRUISE SUBSONIC:
(a) Rotate at about 140-150 kts, climb at 5000 feet/minute. positive lift, Gear up, Landing lights off.
(b) Set mach hold and altitude hold to on (check AP light is on).
(c) For the climb at subsonic speeds use Mach 0.85 to 15000 feet. IF ONLY DOING A CIRCUIT: set speed hold to 320 KIAS and reduce this to 220 once in a level circuit.
(d) With increased altitude reset speed hold to maintain a maximum of mach 0.98 to 40000feet.
(e) Speed accuracy depends on the gauges in use. Not all gauges will read KIAS, mach numbers or GS the same. In this aircraft the digital mach gauge reads higher than the one contained in the analogue KIAS gauge.

#5 CLIMB TO SUPERSONIC HIGH ALTITUDE:
(a) Warning This sim aircraft is designed to fly safely at 80000+feet. It does not have the developed thrust at 40000 feet to do a direct supersonic climb.
(b) Over populated areas fly level at 40000 ft until it is necessary to climb.
(c) Activate afterburn [shift+F4] OR mouse the white indicators at the bottom of the throttle levers and then increase the mach setting to mach 3.
(d) When the speed reaches mach 1.6 (520 KIAS) reset the auto pilot to the required cruising altitude between 80000-85000 feet. Reset the vertical climb speed to 5000 feet/minute.
(e) If climbing manually, monitor turbine speed so as to control over-run. Back off the throttle as appropriate to control Ground Speed and or mach number. KIAS will decrease with altitude.
(f) At a level 80000+ feet on auto the aircraft should hold mach 3.0 To fly at the speeds mentioned in the email release mach hold and manually fly the aircraft at turbine speeds between 10 and 11 thousand rpm being careful not to allow over-run to occur.

#6 TURNING THE AIRCRAFT:
(a) Use the auto pilot heading control to provide a safe turn. The aircraft has been set to bank to a maximum of about 35 degrees in this mode.
(b) At supersonic speed the turning radius is large and it is a total new ball game to follow any flight plan route.
(c) Deselect the autopilot heading button and you can turn the aircraft manually to adjust your course or to fly a tighter circle. BANKING BEYOND 50 DEGREES IS RISKY. The aircraft will stall a lot easier in the turn at these altitudes. Flying at say 70000 feet will increase the aircraft's turn stability to about 3g. At 85000 feet be very carefull in a manual turn.
(d) If you do stall, turn off the autopilot immediately and recover by getting the aircraft into a reduced angle of attack, nose down. You will loose altitude quickly at supersonic speeds. Once stability is restored re activate autopilot and recover the lost altitude and correct your course OR BALE OUT

#7 REFUELING THE AIRCRAFT:
(a) Sadly this sim aircraft model has a limitation that 15% fuel left, is effectively "empty". The analogue gauges are masked off at 20% to indicate the aircraft should be refuelled.
(b) The in flight refuelling altitude is assumed to be 40000 feet at 0.80 mach. Turn off afterburn, set mach hold to 0.80, vertical descent speed 5000 fpm and descend. Refuel the aircraft using [alt] [A] [F] and set each tank to 100% 4073 USG
(b) return to the cruising altitude as described in #5 above.

#8 DESCENT FOR LANDING, LANDING:
(a) NOTE: Landing below a 20% fuel load is DECIDEDLY RISKY and remember there are no spoilers to help you reduce speed.
(b) Descend to an altitude of 6000 ft AG and mach 0.80 as described in #7 above.
(c) When appropriate descend to circuit height (perhaps +3200 ft) so as to be at 320kts 15 miles out from the airfield.
(d) Circuit speed is 220 kts. The aircraft is fitted with ILS instruments.
(e) If making an ILS landing, turn onto the appropriate heading and carry out the standard approach.
(f) Switch off autopilot, cancel speed hold at the appropriate time. Fly the aircraft manually from here on.
(g) Over the runway you should be at 160-170 kts and after touched down, use the spoiler key [/] to activate the 'chute. Take note of the flight time (do not press stop, you loose the time).
(h) Apply the brakes carefully and at 60 KIAS, drop the 'chutes with [/].
(j) Once clear of the runway, open canopy and taxi to the intructions from ATC, park, shutdown the aircraft, close the canopy, Press pause and YOUR DONE!

These instructions based on flying the sim aircraft and are not associate in anyway with the real aircraft.

#9 GENERAL:
USING THE CO-ORDINATE GPS: this Chuck Dome GPS from CFS1 has, on my system, always had a problem in western latitudes. The direction indicating triangle can jump from one side to the other and doesnot move smoothly. When the jump occurs simply change your bearing to move slowly back over the route and as the indicator jumps again that is your approximate heading. As you get closer the indicator may work smoothly. In eastern latitudes this problem does not appear and direction indication is smooth and accurate.

The GPS will, at all times indicate the straight line distance to the point entered and is very useful at supersonic speed when VOR beacons only have relatively short ranges. You should consider entering your landing destination into the gauge as it then gives a continueous distance long before the VOR indicates.

THE FIRST AIRCRAFT UPDATE: Bob Chilico updated the original FS2000 aircraft to fly in FS2004. It was designed to achieve mach 3.2 at 37000 feet and did so WITHOUT afterburn. On the way up to that altitude on maximum throttle the aircraft could suffer servere buffering for a period which could also cause the aircraft to crash. When afterburn was activated to fly higher than 37000ft the aircraft engines developed increased thrust and high turbine speeds that ended with the aircraft reaching mach 4.6 and all attempts to slow it down failed. Surely the fastest sim aircraft ever. Only one of 3 other SR-71's downloaded did not suffer this outcome. Any attempt to manually fly these aircraft in a supersonic turn resulted in a violent barrel roll and possible stalling.

The aircraft that did fly safely at 80000+ feet had a note suggesting it was too hard to fly manually at high altitude. It also suggested the use of the autopilot to hold or change altitude and to make turns.

LIMITATIONS OF THIS AIRCRAFT: because of the compremises necessary to overcome the originals (and others) lack of high altitude performance, turbine over-run and to manually fly at over 80000 ft with speeds of up to mach 3.5 the following applies:

(a) Given that the original aircraft was designed to fly and cruise on afterburn all of the time this SR-71 is set so that it needs afterburn to reach the altitude and the speeds mentioned in the email.

(b) Whilst the project aim was achieved, the aircraft will still fly at 2667 kts (mach 4.6) if you allow over-run to take over by failing to control it. To reach 80000 ft it can be flown manually OR under autopilot control. It will cruise at 80000+ ft on autopilot at the maximum setting of mach 3.00 and can be manually cruised at mach 3.5 with a top speed setting of mach 3.6 thus achieving the speeds indicated in the email.

(c) WHAT IS THIS TURBINE OVER-RUN? When manually climbing from about 52000 feet (with the throttle fully forward) a massive increase in thrust and increased turbine speed begins. This requires that the throttle is backed off immediately to stop the aircraft reaching a terminal speed of mach 4.6 Unlike the original or its first update, speed can be reduced/controlled with the throttle and there is no permanent lockout that originally caused a "bail out". To read turbine speed accurately and to sense the start of over-run, I have used gauges by David Maltby that were uploaded in my update to his FS2000 de Havilland Comet 4 for FS2002. Jerry Beckwith's engine test gauges were used to check engine performance. If the climb is done on auto-pilot, over-run will not be evident UNTIL you manually fly above mach 3 to cruise at up to mach 3.5. You will end up flying the aircraft at 80000+ feet with turbine speeds between 10300 and 11 thousand rpm whilst the maximum achieved turbine speed on autopilot, set at mach 3, is just under 10000rpm. If you allow speed to drop below mach 3 when flying manually, turbine speed to recover may exceed 12500 rpm.

(d) The aircraft is set for a range of about 2900 Nm without refueling (ie a working radius of about 1450 Nm takeoff-landing). Refuelling from a tanker is assumed, for convienience, to be at about halfway up at 40000 feet and mach 0.8. Because of the modifications to control over-run, the aircraft MUST BE ACCELERATED FROM MACH 0.80 TO MACH 1.6 (520 KIAS) BEFORE THE CLIMB BACK TO 80000+ feet is started.

(e) At over 80000ft it is risky to bank the aircraft beyond 50 degrees. Below 75000 feet you can safely pull a 3g turn.

(f) SUBSONIC: The aircraft may suffer buffering if flown over mach 0.80 below 5000 feet. Above that altitude mach 0.98 can be set.

(g) Because of the changes necessary to control over-run and to fly safely at 80000+ feet the aircraft is less responsive to aileron movement at low altitudes and this will be noticed during a manual turn for landing. You simply must allow more space in the final approach. The aircraft is fitted with ILS instruments.

(h) If you activate spot view or wish to use a view of the aircraft in the cockpit do not try to shift its position. The main panel is now rendered so as to get such views inside the aircraft and not outside it.

(j) This aircraft cannot simulate the real aircraft's climb rate of 11000 feet/min, but it will climb safely at 5000 ft/min.

(k) There are two outside temperature gauges provided, one of which is from Kazunori Ito's A12 that indicates aircraft skin temperature. It is interesting to note the values even at subsonic speeds. At high supersonic altitudes the skin temperature will read in excess of 430 degrees C. It should also be noted that the standalone digital mach gauge reads higher than the one in the analogue KIAS gauge so you will think your flying faster than you actually are.

FUEL AND RANGE: the real aircraft specification indicates it had a range of 2900Nm without re-fuelling, 3200Nm when being ferried. Other reports indicate either 1.5 hrs or 2 hours duration. In the two missions, which are based on the real pilots experiences (fitted into a civil sim), the aircraft requires one refueling at 40000 ft in each. One near Los Vegas out of Beale AFB and one at Gibraltar out of RAF Mildenhall. With this aircraft there is no point at all in claiming "I flew from Hawaii to New York (4409 Nm) and had 10% fuel left over". Or from Beale AFB to Kadena AFB (5280Nm) non stop. Such claims simply mean the aircraft was not set up correctly.

Because of the high altitude turbine run-away effect it is not easy to get fuel consumption correctly simulated. It is also probably why the microsoft flight plan is totally wrong from this aspect. It says the aircraft only needs about 25% of the tank capacity to complete the whole mission.

A lot of fuel is used to climb and its with good reason that the aircraft is set to fly subsonic to tanker refueling height and then climbs to cruising altitude at or above 80000 feet. For refueling, the aircraft must come down and go up again so a good bit of what is taken on is again lost in the climb. I flew both missions several times to adjust the range to be somewhere near the truth.

It is also worthwhile mentioning the aircraft generally returned to the same airfield after a mission or in the ferry situation it was AB to AB where the appropriate equipment and special fuel was available. It is wrong to fly into a civil airport or indeed to an airforce base that does not have the facilities including the Buick Cart to restart the engines again.

Having said that, I break the rules in this project for I give the option (and challenge) in each mission to make a landing at an airbase. Simmers in general, do not like flying long flights so the challenge of getting down from 80000+ feet has been suggested. Indeed if you get the descent wrong to land at Gibraltar you could almost run out of fuel.

NO VIRTUAL COCKPIT: it is an advantage to not have a virtual cockpit. To see the ground in any detail from 80000+ feet needs the better quality the "no VC" option provides and to use it to look down and take any photographs. The spot view is not designed to give quality at these altitudes and at supersonic speeds.

Panel RMcL_SR71-2 is not supplied. It is based on a photoreal cockpit image and the RSO's compartment is set up to fly the aircraft whilst you look at the ground.

Concept by Ross McLennan, Adelaide South Australia
August 2009